Radiation effects in crystalline ceramics for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium
W.J. Weber*, R.C. Ewing+, C.R.A. Catlow#, T. Diaz de la Rubia¤, L.W. Hobbs , C. Kinoshita à, Hj. Matzke**, A.T. Motta++, M. Nastasi##, E.H.K. Salje¤¤, E.R. Vance  , S.J. Zinkleàà
(*Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, +The University of Michigan, #The Royal Institution, ¤Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,  Massachusetts Institute of Technology, àKyushu University, **Institute for Transuranium Elements, ++Pennsylvania State University, ##Los Alamos National Laboratory, ¤¤University of Cambridge,   ANSTO, ààOak Ridge National Laboratory)
This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the state-of-knowledge of radiation effects in crystalline ceramics that may be used for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium. The current understanding of radiation damage processes, defect generation, micro-structure development, theoretical methods, and experimental methods are reviewed. Fundamental scientific and technological issues that offer opportunities for research are identified. The most important issue is the need for an understanding of the radiation-induced structural changes at the atomic, microscopic, and macroscopic levels and the effect of these changes on the release rates of radionuclides during corrosion.
Keywords: ceramics; environmentally protective materials; nuclear irradiation
Order No.: JA806-007 © 1998 MRS

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